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A name server indicates that its response is authoritative by setting the Authoritative Answer (AA) bit in the response to a query on a name for which it is authoritative. Name servers providing answers for which they are not authoritative (for example, name servers for parent zones), Caching name servers, also called DNS caches, store DNS query results for a period of time determined in the configuration (time-to-live) of each domain name record. DNS caches improve the efficiency of the DNS by reducing DNS traffic across the Internet, and by reducing load on authoritative name servers, particularly root name servers. Because they can answer questions more quickly, they also increase the performance of end-user applications that use the DNS.A domain is registered with a domain name registrar, the zone administrator provides a list of name servers (typically at least two, for redundancy) that are authoritative for the zone that contains the domain. The registrar provides the names of these servers to the domain registry for the top level domain containing the zone. The domain registry in turn configures the authoritative name servers for that top level domain with delegations for each server for the zone. If the fully qualified domain name of any name server for a zone appears within that zone, the zone administrator provides IP addresses for that name server, which are installed in the parent zone as glue records; otherwise, the delegation consists of the list of NS records for that zone.

U.S. jurisdictions for consumer protection purposes, most jurisdictions require businesses operating with fictitious names to file a DBA statement. This also reduces the possibility of two local businesses operating under the same name. Note, though, that this is not a replacement for obtaining a trademark. A DBA filing carries no legal weight in instances where a trademark would be necessary. DBA statements are often used in conjunction with a franchise. The franchisee will have a legal name under which it may sue and be sued, but will conduct business under the franchiser's brand name (which the public would recognize). A typical real-world example can be found in a well-known pricing mistake case, Donovan v. RRL Corp., 26 Cal. 4th 261 (2001), where the named defendant, RRL Corporation, was a Lexus car dealership doing business as "Lexus of Westminster", but remaining a separate legal entity from Lexus, a Division of Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc., which was not even mentioned in the California Supreme Court opinion.Notably in California and also in other areas, filing a DBA statement also requires that a notice of the fictitious name be published in local newspapers for some set period of time to inform the public of the owner's intent to operate under an assumed name. The intention of the law is to protect the public from fraud, by compelling the business owner to record his/her name with the County Recorder, and making a further public record of it by publishing it in a newspaper.

The phrase "doing business as" (abbreviated DBA, dba or d/b/a) is a legal term used in the United States, meaning that the trade name, or fictitious business name, under which the business or operation is conducted and presented to the world is not the legal name of the legal person (or persons) who actually own it and are responsible for it. In other countries the expressions operating as (abbreviated o/a) or trading as (abbreviated T/A) are used for a similar purpose. The desired name might not have been registrable, or the business might be owned by another company, franchisee, or a sole proprietorship, resulting in all legally binding transactions taking place on behalf of the trading as name.The distinction between an actual and a "fictitious" name is important because businesses with "fictitious" names give no obvious indication of the entity that is legally responsible for their operation.In the United Kingdom, Ireland, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand and Hong Kong (and some parts of the United States), the phrase trading as (abbreviated t/a) is used.In the United Kingdom there is no filing requirement for a "trading as" name, but there are requirements for disclosure of the true owner's name, and some restrictions on the use of certain names.In several U.S. states, DBAs are officially referred to using another term. Oregon uses Assumed Business Names;[2] Washington calls DBAs trade names;[3] other states refer to trade styles or fictitious business names.

Trading Standards is the name given to local authority departments formerly known as "Weights and Measures". They were so called as their primary function was to maintain the integrity of commercial weighing and measuring by routine testing of equipment and goods.They now deal with more diverse issues under a wide variety of Acts, Orders and Codes of Practice, as set out by central government the Food Standards Agency and the Office of Fair Trading. Such legislation includes the Consumer Protection from Unfair Trading Regulations 2008, the Consumer Protection Act 1987, the Consumer Credit Act 1974, the Food Safety Act 1990 and the Price Marking Order 2004. Recent priorities include prevention of sales of counterfeit goods, sales of tobacco and alcohol to under-age buyers, and action to prevent exploitation of vulnerable consumers by scams and doorstep crime.Consumer Direct is a Government-funded call centre providing basic consumer advice in the United Kingdom. Information is also provided on their website (see below).The intention is to make such basic advice available to everyone regardless of the area in which they live.Previously, provision of consumer advice services varied, with some local Councils operating extensive services with several staff; and others relying on other local advice services such as the Citizens Advice Bureau.The service operates via a standardised national telephone number (currently 08454 04 05 06) and by e-mail. Simpler complaints are dealt with directly; more complex matters that may require direct intervention or indicate some criminality will be passed on to the relevant organisation (usually the relevant local Trading Standards office) as a referral. The website also provides a number of advice sheets.

TSI members typically work in one of (approximately) 200 Trading Standards Offices around the United Kingdom, provided by local authorities, except in Northern Ireland, where Trading Standards is provided by central government. Trading Standards work with consumers and businesses to maintain fair trading and safety of consumer goods.The current TSI Chief Executive is Ron Gainsford OBE. The TSI Chair is Leon Livermore, who is Head of trading standards at the Cambridgeshire County Council. Leon will be elected in July 2011 and took over the role of Chairman from Peter Heafield, who has recently retired from Lincolnshire trading standards.The Hampton Report of 2005 has led to the creation of the "Local Better Regulation Office" (LBRO) (Previously the (CTSA) Consumer and Trading Standards Agency).LBRO will set standards on how Trading Standards and other business regulators carry out their work to minimise the impact on legitimate business. The Hampton Report also gives an enhanced role for the Office of Fair Trading (OFT). The OFT will set national priorities and coordinate performance management of local authority Trading Standards services.Trading Standards services work in partnership with Consumer Direct, a call centre based consumer advice service which has been available across the UK since April 2006. Consumer Direct provides a single contact point where simple enquiries may be dealt with directly and others referred to the relevant Trading Standards office

The Trading Standards Institute, formerly the Institute of Trading Standards Administration (founded in 1956), formerly the Incorporated Society of Inspectors of Weights and Measures (founded in 1881), is the professional association which represents trading standards professionals in the UK and overseas.TSI performs an important and influencing role in engaging with, and making representations to, Government, UK and EU Parliamentary institutions, and key stakeholders in the local government, community, business and consumer sectors, and other regulatory agencies. TSI aims to sustain and improve consumer protection, health and wellbeing, together with the reinforcement of fair markets, facilitating business competitiveness and success.The Institute also host the UK ECC which provides consumer advice with regards to cross border disputes within the EU and also the UK ECCS. To Support TSI Members and TS Services so the trading standards profession can innovate, sustain outcomes and develop new practitioners. To develop innovative solutions through anticipating and responding to the changing needs of our members. To make an operating contribution through diversification so that our ambitions can be realised. To expand our influence and operations through International market surveillance solutions. to capture and share intelligence and information For an in depth explanation on the above points please follow the link.

The foreign exchange market (forex, FX, or currency market) is a global, worldwide decentralized financial market for trading currencies. Financial centers around the world function as anchors of trading between a wide range of different types of buyers and sellers around the clock, with the exception of weekends. The foreign exchange market determines the relative values of different currencies.The primary purpose of the foreign exchange is to assist international trade and investment, by allowing businesses to convert one currency to another currency. For example, it permits a US business to import British goods and pay Pound Sterling, even though the business' income is in US dollars. It also supports direct speculation in the value of currencies, and the carry trade, speculation on the change in interest rates in two currencies."Forex" redirects here. For the football club,

Sparky Add-on for Firefox Released Today:Today is the 10th anniversary of the Alexa Toolbar, originally released on July 17, 1997. Do you remember what the Net looked like back then? Netscape was the most popular browser. AOL had released it's first Instant Messenger program in Beta. Jodie Foster's new movie Contact was number one at the box office. Take a stroll through the past on the Wayback Machine to see what it looked like: Netscape. Yahoo. Excite.Alexa's operation includes archiving of webpages as they are crawled. This database served as the basis for the creation of the Internet Archive accessible through the Wayback Machine.In 1998 the company donated a copy of the archive, 2 terabytes in size, to the Library of Congress. Alexa continues to supply the Internet Archive with web crawls.

The Alexa Toolbar, is an application produced by Alexa Internet, and is a Firefox extension and Browser Helper Object for Internet Explorer on Microsoft Windows that is used by Alexa to measure website specific statistics.It includes a popup blocker, a search engine entry box, a link to Amazon.com, a link to Alexa, information about the current Alexa ranking of the website that the user is visiting, and links relevant to the site the user is browsing. By early 2005 there had been over 10 million downloads of the toolbar, according to Alexa. But the company does not provide info on how many of them are actually used.There are some privacy concerns about the toolbar, as it requests site data from Alexa and there is no information on how long Alexa stores these usage trails.